Tizen Native API  7.0

Character Conversion C API.

Required Header

#include <utils_i18n.h>

Overview

This function is used to convert codepage or character encoded data to and from UTF-16. You can create a converter with i18n_ucnv_create(). With that converter, you can get its properties, set options, convert your data and destroy the converter.

Since many software programs recognize different converter names for different types of converters, there are other functions in this function to iterate over the converter aliases. The functions i18n_ucnv_get_available_name(), i18n_ucnv_get_alias() and i18n_ucnv_get_standard_name() are some of the more frequently used alias functions to get this information.

Functions

int i18n_ucnv_get_max_bytes_for_string (int32_t length, int32_t max_char_size)
 Calculates the size of a buffer for conversion from Unicode to a charset.
int i18n_ucnv_compare_names (const char *name1, const char *name2)
 Does a fuzzy compare of two converter/alias names.
int i18n_ucnv_create (const char *converter_name, i18n_ucnv_h *converter)
 Creates an i18n_ucnv_h with the name of a coded character set specified as a C string.
int i18n_ucnv_create_unicode (const i18n_uchar *name, i18n_ucnv_h *converter)
 Creates a Unicode converter with the names specified as unicode string.
int i18n_ucnv_create_ccsid (int32_t codepage, i18n_ucnv_platform_e platform, i18n_ucnv_h *converter)
 Creates an i18n_ucnv_h from a CCSID number and platform pair.
int i18n_ucnv_create_package (const char *package_name, const char *converter_name, i18n_ucnv_h *converter)
 Creates an i18n_ucnv_h specified from a package_name and a converter_name.
int i18n_ucnv_safe_clone (i18n_ucnv_h converter, i18n_ucnv_h *cloned_converter)
 Clones converter thread safely.
int i18n_ucnv_destroy (i18n_ucnv_h converter)
 Deletes the unicode converter and releases resources associated with just this instance.
int i18n_ucnv_get_subst_chars (i18n_ucnv_h converter, char *sub_chars, int8_t *len)
 Fills in the output parameter, sub_chars, with the substitution characters as multiple bytes.
int i18n_ucnv_set_subst_chars (i18n_ucnv_h converter, const char *sub_chars, int8_t len)
 Sets the substitution chars when converting from unicode to a codepage.
int i18n_ucnv_set_subst_string (i18n_ucnv_h converter, const i18n_uchar *s, int32_t len)
 Sets a substitution string for converting from Unicode to a charset.
int i18n_ucnv_get_invalid_chars (i18n_ucnv_h converter, char *err_bytes, int8_t *len)
 Fills in the output parameter, err_bytes, with the error characters from the last failing conversion.
int i18n_ucnv_get_invalid_uchars (i18n_ucnv_h converter, i18n_uchar *err_uchars, int8_t *len)
 Fills in the output parameter, err_uchars, with the error characters from the last failing conversion.
int i18n_ucnv_reset (i18n_ucnv_h converter)
 Resets the state of a converter to the default state.
int i18n_ucnv_reset_to_unicode (i18n_ucnv_h converter)
 Resets the to-Unicode part of a converter state to the default state.
int i18n_ucnv_reset_from_unicode (i18n_ucnv_h converter)
 Resets the from-Unicode part of a converter state to the default state.
int i18n_ucnv_get_max_char_size (i18n_ucnv_h converter, int8_t *size)
 Gets the maximum number of bytes that are output per i18n_uchar in conversion from Unicode using this converter.
int i18n_ucnv_get_min_char_size (i18n_ucnv_h converter, int8_t *size)
 Gets the minimum byte length (per codepoint) for characters in this codepage.
int i18n_ucnv_get_display_name (i18n_ucnv_h converter, const char *display_locale, i18n_uchar *display_name, int32_t display_name_capacity, int32_t *display_name_len)
 Gets the display name of the converter passed in based on the Locale passed in.
int i18n_ucnv_get_name (i18n_ucnv_h converter, const char **name)
 Gets the internal, canonical name of the converter (zero-terminated).
int i18n_ucnv_get_ccsid (i18n_ucnv_h converter, int32_t *codepage_number)
 Gets a codepage number associated with the converter.
int i18n_ucnv_get_platform (i18n_ucnv_h converter, i18n_ucnv_platform_e *platform)
 Gets a codepage platform associated with the converter.
int i18n_ucnv_get_type (i18n_ucnv_h converter, i18n_ucnv_type_e *type)
 Gets the type of the converter e.g. SBCS, MBCS, DBCS, UTF8, UTF16_BE, UTF16_LE, ISO_2022, EBCDIC_STATEFUL, LATIN_1.
int i18n_ucnv_get_starters (i18n_ucnv_h converter, i18n_ubool starters[256])
 Gets the "starter" (lead) bytes for converters of type MBCS.
int i18n_ucnv_get_unicode_set (i18n_ucnv_h converter, i18n_uset_h set_fill_in, i18n_ucnv_unicode_set_e which_set)
 Gets the set of Unicode code points that can be converted by an ICU converter.
int i18n_ucnv_from_unicode (i18n_ucnv_h converter, char **target, const char *target_limit, const i18n_uchar **source, const i18n_uchar *source_limit, int32_t *offsets, i18n_ubool flush)
 Converts an array of unicode characters to an array of codepage characters.
int i18n_ucnv_to_unicode (i18n_ucnv_h converter, i18n_uchar **target, const i18n_uchar *target_limit, const char **source, const char *source_limit, int32_t *offsets, i18n_ubool flush)
 Converts a buffer of codepage bytes into an array of unicode i18n_uchar characters.
int i18n_ucnv_from_uchars (i18n_ucnv_h converter, char *dest, int32_t dest_capacity, const i18n_uchar *src, int32_t src_length, int32_t *length)
 Converts the Unicode string into a codepage string using an existing i18n_ucnv_h.
int i18n_ucnv_to_uchars (i18n_ucnv_h converter, i18n_uchar *dest, int32_t dest_capacity, const char *src, int32_t src_length, int32_t *output_length)
 Converts the codepage string into a Unicode string using an existing i18n_ucnv_h.
int i18n_ucnv_get_next_uchar (i18n_ucnv_h converter, const char **source, const char *source_limit, i18n_uchar32 *result)
 Converts a codepage buffer into Unicode one character at a time.
int i18n_ucnv_convert_ex (i18n_ucnv_h target_cnv, i18n_ucnv_h source_cnv, char **target, const char *target_limit, const char **source, const char *source_limit, i18n_uchar *pivot_start, i18n_uchar **pivot_source, i18n_uchar **pivot_target, const i18n_uchar *pivot_limit, i18n_ubool reset, i18n_ubool flush)
 Converts from one external charset to another using two existing i18n_ucnv_h.
int i18n_ucnv_convert (const char *to_converter_name, const char *from_converter_name, char *target, int32_t target_capacity, const char *source, int32_t source_length, int32_t *output_length)
 Converts from one external charset to another.
int i18n_ucnv_to_algorithmic (i18n_ucnv_type_e algorithmic_type, i18n_ucnv_h converter, char *target, int32_t target_capacity, const char *source, int32_t source_length, int32_t *output_length)
 Converts from one external charset to another.
int i18n_ucnv_from_algorithmic (i18n_ucnv_h converter, i18n_ucnv_type_e algorithmic_type, char *target, int32_t target_capacity, const char *source, int32_t source_length, int32_t *output_length)
 Converts from one external charset to another.
int32_t i18n_ucnv_flush_cache (void)
 Frees up memory occupied by unused, cached converter shared data.
int32_t i18n_ucnv_count_available (void)
 Returns the number of available converters, as per the alias file.
int i18n_ucnv_get_available_name (int32_t index, const char **name)
 Gets the canonical converter name of the specified converter from a list of all available converters contaied in the alias file. All converters in this list can be created.
int i18n_ucnv_create_all_names (i18n_uenumeration_h *enumeration)
 Gets an i18n_uenumeration_h to enumerate all of the canonical converter names, as per the alias file, regardless of the ability to create each converter.
int i18n_ucnv_count_aliases (const char *alias, uint16_t *number)
 Gets the number of aliases for a given converter or alias name.
int i18n_ucnv_get_alias (const char *alias, uint16_t index, const char **name)
 Gets the name of the alias at given index of alias list.
int i18n_ucnv_get_aliases (const char *alias, const char **aliases)
 Gets the list of alias names for the given alias.
int i18n_ucnv_create_standard_names (const char *conv_name, const char *standard, i18n_uenumeration_h *enumeration)
 Gets an i18n_uenumeration_h for enumerating all the alias names for a given converter that are recognized by a standard.
uint16_t i18n_ucnv_count_standards (void)
 Returns the number of standards associated to converter names.
int i18n_ucnv_get_standard (uint16_t index, const char **name)
 Gets the name of the standard at given index of standard list.
int i18n_ucnv_get_standard_name (const char *cnv_name, const char *standard, const char **name)
 Gets a standard name for a given converter name.
int i18n_ucnv_get_canonical_name (const char *alias, const char *standard, const char **name)
 Gets the internal canonical converter name of the tagged alias.
const char * i18n_ucnv_get_default_name (void)
 Returns the current default converter name.
void i18n_ucnv_set_default_name (const char *name)
 Sets the current default converter name.
int i18n_ucnv_fix_file_separator (i18n_ucnv_h converter, i18n_uchar *source, int32_t source_len)
 Fixes the backslash character mismapping.
int i18n_ucnv_is_ambiguous (i18n_ucnv_h converter, i18n_ubool *result)
 Determines if the converter contains ambiguous mappings of the same character or not.
int i18n_ucnv_set_fallback (i18n_ucnv_h converter, i18n_ubool uses_fallback)
 Sets the converter to use fallback mappings or not.
int i18n_ucnv_uses_fallback (i18n_ucnv_h converter, i18n_ubool *result)
 Determines if the converter uses fallback mappings or not.
int i18n_ucnv_detect_unicode_signature (const char *source, int32_t source_length, int32_t *signature_length, const char **name)
 Detects Unicode signature byte sequences at the start of the byte stream and returns the charset name of the indicated Unicode charset.
int i18n_ucnv_from_ucount_pending (i18n_ucnv_h converter, int32_t *number)
 Gets the number of i18n_uchar characters held in the converter's internal state because more input is needed for completing the conversion.
int i18n_ucnv_to_ucount_pending (i18n_ucnv_h converter, int32_t *number)
 Gets the number of char held in the converter's internal state because more input is needed for completing the conversion.
int i18n_ucnv_is_fixed_width (i18n_ucnv_h converter, i18n_ubool *is_fixed_width)
 Gets whether or not the charset of the converter has a fixed number of bytes per charset character.

Typedefs

typedef void * i18n_ucnv_h
 An i18n_ucnv_h handle.

Typedef Documentation

typedef void* i18n_ucnv_h

An i18n_ucnv_h handle.

Since :
6.0

Enumeration Type Documentation

Enum for specifying which platform a converter ID refers to.

Since :
6.0
Enumerator:
I18N_UCNV_UNKNOWN 

unknown

I18N_UCNV_IBM 

IBM

Enum for specifying basic types of converters.

Since :
6.0
Enumerator:
I18N_UCNV_UNSUPPORTED_CONVERTER 

unsupported

I18N_UCNV_SBCS 

SBCS

I18N_UCNV_DBCS 

DBCS

I18N_UCNV_MBCS 

MBCS

I18N_UCNV_LATIN_1 

latin

I18N_UCNV_UTF8 

UTF8

I18N_UCNV_UTF16_BIG_ENDIAN 

UTF16 big endian

I18N_UCNV_UTF16_LITTLE_ENDIAN 

UTF16 little endian

I18N_UCNV_UTF32_BIG_ENDIAN 

UTF32 big endian

I18N_UCNV_UTF32_LITTLE_ENDIAN 

UTF32 little endian

I18N_UCNV_EBCDIC_STATEFUL 

EBCDIC_STATEFUL

I18N_UCNV_ISO_2022 

ISO_2022

I18N_UCNV_LMBCS_1 

LMBCS_1

I18N_UCNV_LMBCS_2 

LMBCS_2

I18N_UCNV_LMBCS_3 

LMBCS_3

I18N_UCNV_LMBCS_4 

LMBCS_4

I18N_UCNV_LMBCS_5 

LMBCS_5

I18N_UCNV_LMBCS_6 

LMBCS_6

I18N_UCNV_LMBCS_8 

LMBCS_8

I18N_UCNV_LMBCS_11 

LMBCS_11

I18N_UCNV_LMBCS_16 

LMBCS_16

I18N_UCNV_LMBCS_17 

LMBCS_17

I18N_UCNV_LMBCS_18 

LMBCS_18

I18N_UCNV_LMBCS_19 

LMBCS_19

I18N_UCNV_LMBCS_LAST 

LMBCS_LAST

I18N_UCNV_HZ 

HZ

I18N_UCNV_SCSU 

SCSU

I18N_UCNV_ISCII 

ISCII

I18N_UCNV_US_ASCII 

US_ASCII

I18N_UCNV_UTF7 

UTF7

I18N_UCNV_BOCU1 

BOCU1

I18N_UCNV_UTF16 

UTF16

I18N_UCNV_UTF32 

UTF32

I18N_UCNV_CESU8 

CESU8

I18N_UCNV_IMAP_MAILBOX 

IMAP

I18N_UCNV_COMPOUND_TEXT 

COMPOUND_TEXT

Selectors for Unicode sets that can be returned by i18n_ucnv_get_unicode_set().

Since :
6.0
Enumerator:
I18N_UCNV_ROUNDTRIP_SET 

Select the set of roundtrippable Unicode code points.

I18N_UCNV_ROUNDTRIP_AND_FALLBACK_SET 

Select the set of Unicode code points with roundtrip or fallback mappings.


Function Documentation

int i18n_ucnv_compare_names ( const char *  name1,
const char *  name2 
)

Does a fuzzy compare of two converter/alias names.

The comparison is case-insensitive, ignores leading zeroes if they are not followed by further digits, and ignores all but letters and digits. Thus the strings "UTF-8", "utf_8", "u*T@f08" and "Utf 8" are exactly equivalent. See section 1.4, Charset Alias Matching in Unicode Technical Standard #22 at http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr22/.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]name1A converter name or alias, zero-terminated.
[in]name2A converter name or alias, zero-terminated.
Returns:
0 if the names match, or a negative value if the name1 lexically precedes name2, or a positive value if the name1 lexically follows name2.
Exceptions:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
int i18n_ucnv_convert ( const char *  to_converter_name,
const char *  from_converter_name,
char *  target,
int32_t  target_capacity,
const char *  source,
int32_t  source_length,
int32_t *  output_length 
)

Converts from one external charset to another.

Internally, two converters are created according to the name arguments, then the text is converted to and from the 16-bit Unicode "pivot" using i18n_ucnv_convert_ex(), then the converters are destroyed again.

This is a convenience function, not an efficient way to convert a lot of text: i18n_ucnv_convert()

  • takes charset names, not converter objects, so that
    • two converters are created for each call
    • only single-string conversion is possible, not streaming operation
  • does not provide enough information to find out, in case of failure, whether the toUnicode or the fromUnicode conversion failed
  • allows NUL-terminated input (only a single NUL byte, will not work for charsets with multi-byte NULs) (if source_length ==-1, see parameters) terminate with a NUL on output (only a single NUL byte, not useful for charsets with multi-byte NULs), or set I18N_WARNING_STRING_NOT_TERMINATED if the output exactly fills the target buffer
  • a pivot buffer is provided internally

The function returns when one of the following is true:

int i18n_ucnv_convert_ex ( i18n_ucnv_h  target_cnv,
i18n_ucnv_h  source_cnv,
char **  target,
const char *  target_limit,
const char **  source,
const char *  source_limit,
i18n_uchar pivot_start,
i18n_uchar **  pivot_source,
i18n_uchar **  pivot_target,
const i18n_uchar pivot_limit,
i18n_ubool  reset,
i18n_ubool  flush 
)

Converts from one external charset to another using two existing i18n_ucnv_h.

Internally, two conversions - i18n_ucnv_to_unicode() and i18n_ucnv_from_unicode() - are used, "pivoting" through 16-bit Unicode.

Important: For streaming conversion (multiple function calls for successive parts of a text stream), the caller must provide a pivot buffer explicitly, and must preserve the pivot buffer and associated pointers from one call to another. (The buffer may be moved if its contents and the relative pointer positions are preserved.)

There is a similar function, i18n_ucnv_convert(), which has the following limitations:

  • it takes charset names, not converter objects, so that
    • two converters are created for each call
    • only single-string conversion is possible, not streaming operation
  • it does not provide enough information to find out, in case of failure, whether the toUnicode or the fromUnicode conversion failed

By contrast, i18n_ucnv_convert_ex()

  • takes i18n_ucnv_h parameters instead of charset names
  • fully exposes the pivot buffer for streaming conversion and complete error handling

i18n_ucnv_convert_ex() also provides further convenience:

  • an option to reset the converters at the beginning (if reset==TRUE, see parameters; also sets *pivot_target=*pivot_source=pivot_start) allow NUL-terminated input (only a single NUL byte, will not work for charsets with multi-byte NULs) (if source_limit ==NULL, see parameters)
  • terminate with a NUL on output (only a single NUL byte, not useful for charsets with multi-byte NULs), or set I18N_WARNING_STRING_NOT_TERMINATED if the output exactly fills the target buffer
  • the pivot buffer can be provided internally; possible only for whole-string conversion, not streaming conversion; in this case, the caller will not be able to get details about where an error occurred (if pivot_start ==NULL, see below)

The function returns when one of the following is true:

  • the entire source text has been converted successfully to the target buffer
  • a target buffer overflow occurred (I18N_ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW)
  • a conversion error occurred

Limitation compared to the direct use of i18n_ucnv_from_unicode() and i18n_ucnv_to_unicode(): i18n_ucnv_convert_ex() does not provide offset information.

Limitation compared to i18n_ucnv_from_uchars() and i18n_ucnv_to_uchars(): i18n_ucnv_convert_ex() does not support preflighting directly.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]target_cnvOutput converter, used to convert from the UTF-16 pivot to the target using i18n_ucnv_from_unicode().
[in]source_cnvInput converter, used to convert from the source to the UTF-16 pivot using i18n_ucnv_to_unicode().
[in,out]targetInput: *target points to the beginning of the target buffer. Output: *target points to the first unit after the last char written.
[in]target_limitPointer to the first unit after the target buffer.
[in,out]sourceInput: *source points to the beginning of the source buffer. Output: *source points to the first unit after the last char read.
[in]source_limitPointer to the first unit after the source buffer.
[in]pivot_startPointer to the UTF-16 pivot buffer. If pivot_start ==NULL, then an internal buffer is used and the other pivot arguments are ignored and can be NULL as well.
[in,out]pivot_sourceConversion from the pivot buffer to the target buffer.
[in,out]pivot_targetConversion from the source buffer to the pivot buffer. It must be pivot_start<=*pivot_source<=*pivot_target<=pivotLimit and pivot_start<pivotLimit (unless pivot_start ==NULL).
[in]pivot_limitPointer to the first unit after the pivot buffer.
[in]resetIf TRUE, then i18n_ucnv_reset_to_unicode(source_cnv) and i18n_ucnv_reset_from_unicode(target_cnv) are called, and the pivot pointers are reset (*pivot_target=*pivot_source=pivot_start).
[in]flushIf TRUE, indicates the end of the input. Passed directly to i18n_ucnv_to_unicode(), and carried over to i18n_ucnv_from_unicode() when the source is empty as well.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
I18N_ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOWA result would not fit in the supplied buffer
See also:
i18n_ucnv_convert()
i18n_ucnv_from_algorithmic()
i18n_ucnv_to_algorithmic()
i18n_ucnv_from_unicode()
i18n_ucnv_to_unicode()
i18n_ucnv_from_uchars()
i18n_ucnv_to_uchars()
int i18n_ucnv_count_aliases ( const char *  alias,
uint16_t *  number 
)

Gets the number of aliases for a given converter or alias name.

This method only enumerates the listed entries in the alias file.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]aliasAlias name
[out]numberThe number of names on alias list for given alias
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
int32_t i18n_ucnv_count_available ( void  )

Returns the number of available converters, as per the alias file.

Since :
6.0
Returns:
The number of available converters.
See also:
i18n_ucnv_get_available_name()
uint16_t i18n_ucnv_count_standards ( void  )

Returns the number of standards associated to converter names.

Since :
6.0
Returns:
The number of standards.
int i18n_ucnv_create ( const char *  converter_name,
i18n_ucnv_h converter 
)

Creates an i18n_ucnv_h with the name of a coded character set specified as a C string.

The actual name will be resolved with the alias file using a case-insensitive string comparison that ignores leading zeroes and all non-alphanumeric characters. E.g., the names "UTF8", "utf-8", "u*T@f08" and "Utf 8" are all equivalent. (See also i18n_ucnv_compare_names().) If NULL is passed for the converter name, it will create one with the i18n_ucnv_get_default_name() return value.

A converter name for ICU 1.5 and above may contain options like a locale specification to control the specific behavior of the newly instantiated converter. The meaning of the options depends on the particular converter. If an option is not defined for or recognized by a given converter, then it is ignored.

Options are appended to the converter name string, with a "," between the name and the first option and also between adjacent options.

The conversion behavior and names can vary between platforms. ICU may convert some characters differently from other platforms.

Since :
6.0
Remarks:
The converter should be released using i18n_ucnv_destroy().
Parameters:
[in]converter_nameName of the coded character set table. This may have options appended to the string. IANA alias character set names, IBM CCSIDs starting with "ibm-", Windows codepage numbers starting with "windows-" are frequently used for this parameter. See i18n_ucnv_get_available_name() and i18n_ucnv_get_alias() for a complete list that is available. If this parameter is NULL, the default converter will be used.
[out]converterThe created i18n_ucnv_h, or NULL if an error occurred.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
I18N_ERROR_FILE_ACCESSThe requested file cannot be found
I18N_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORYOut of memory
See also:
i18n_ucnv_create_unicode()
i18n_ucnv_create_ccsid()
i18n_ucnv_get_available_name()
i18n_ucnv_get_alias()
i18n_ucnv_get_default_name()
i18n_ucnv_destroy()
i18n_ucnv_compare_names()

Gets an i18n_uenumeration_h to enumerate all of the canonical converter names, as per the alias file, regardless of the ability to create each converter.

Since :
6.0
Remarks:
The enumeration should be released using i18n_uenumeration_destroy().
Parameters:
[out]enumerationAn i18n_uenumeration_h for getting all the recognized canonical converter names.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
See also:
i18n_ucnv_get_available_name()
i18n_uenumeration_destroy()
i18n_uenumeration_next()
int i18n_ucnv_create_ccsid ( int32_t  codepage,
i18n_ucnv_platform_e  platform,
i18n_ucnv_h converter 
)

Creates an i18n_ucnv_h from a CCSID number and platform pair.

Note that the usefulness of this function is limited to platforms with numeric encoding IDs. Only IBM and Microsoft platforms use numeric (16-bit) identifiers for encodings.

In addition, IBM CCSIDs and Unicode conversion tables are not 1:1 related. For many IBM CCSIDs there are multiple (up to six) Unicode conversion tables, and for some Unicode conversion tables there are multiple CCSIDs. Some "alternate" Unicode conversion tables are provided by the IBM CDRA conversion table registry. The most prominent example of a systematic modification of conversion tables that is not provided in the form of conversion table files in the repository is that S/390 Unix System Services swaps the codes for Line Feed and New Line in all EBCDIC codepages, which requires such a swap in the Unicode conversion tables as well.

Only IBM default conversion tables are accessible with i18n_ucnv_create_ccsid(). i18n_ucnv_get_ccsid() will return the same CCSID for all conversion tables that are associated with that CCSID.

In summary, the use of CCSIDs and the associated function functions is not recommended.

In order to create a converter with the default IBM CDRA Unicode conversion table, you can use this function or use the prefix "ibm-":

Since :
6.0
Remarks:
The converter should be released using i18n_ucnv_destroy().
Parameters:
[in]codepageCodepage number to create
[in]platformThe platform in which the codepage number exists
[out]converterThe created i18n_ucnv_h, or NULL if an error occurred.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
I18N_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORYOut of memory
I18N_ERROR_FILE_ACCESSRequested file cannot be found
See also:
i18n_ucnv_create()
i18n_ucnv_create_unicode()
i18n_ucnv_get_ccsid()
i18n_ucnv_get_platform()
int i18n_ucnv_create_package ( const char *  package_name,
const char *  converter_name,
i18n_ucnv_h converter 
)

Creates an i18n_ucnv_h specified from a package_name and a converter_name.

The package_name and converter_name must point to an ICU udata object. Typically, package_name will refer to a (.dat) file. Using a full file or directory pathname for package_name is deprecated.

The name will NOT be looked up in the alias mechanism, nor will the converter be stored in the converter cache or the alias table. The only way to create further converters is call this function multiple times, or use the i18n_ucnv_safe_clone() function to clone a 'master' converter.

A future version may add alias table lookups and/or caching to this function.

Since :
6.0
Remarks:
The converter should be released using i18n_ucnv_destroy().
Parameters:
[in]package_nameName of the package.
[in]converter_nameName of the data item to be used, without suffix.
[out]converterThe created i18n_ucnv_h, or NULL if an error occurred.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
I18N_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORYOut of memory
I18N_ERROR_FILE_ACCESSRequested file cannot be found
See also:
i18n_ucnv_create()
i18n_ucnv_safe_clone()
int i18n_ucnv_create_standard_names ( const char *  conv_name,
const char *  standard,
i18n_uenumeration_h enumeration 
)

Gets an i18n_uenumeration_h for enumerating all the alias names for a given converter that are recognized by a standard.

This method only enumerates the listed entries in the alias file. The first result in this list is the same result given by i18n_ucnv_get_standard_name(), which is the default alias for the specified standard name. The returned object must be destroyed with i18n_uenumeration_destroy() when you are done with the object.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]conv_nameThe original converter name
[in]standardThe name of the standard governing the names; MIME and IANA are such standards
[out]enumerationAn i18n_uenumeration_h for getting all aliases that are recognized by a standard. If any of the parameters are invalid, NULL is returned.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
See also:
i18n_ucnv_get_standard_name()
i18n_uenumeration_destroy()
i18n_uenumeration_next()
int i18n_ucnv_create_unicode ( const i18n_uchar name,
i18n_ucnv_h converter 
)

Creates a Unicode converter with the names specified as unicode string.

The name should be limited to the ASCII-7 alphanumerics range. The actual name will be resolved with the alias file using a case-insensitive string comparison that ignores leading zeroes and all non-alphanumeric characters. E.g., the names "UTF8", "utf-8", "u*T@f08" and "Utf 8" are all equivalent. (See also i18n_ucnv_compare_names().) If NULL is passed for the converter name, it will create one with the i18n_ucnv_get_default_name() return value.

See i18n_ucnv_create() for the complete details.

Since :
6.0
Remarks:
The converter should be released using i18n_ucnv_destroy().
Parameters:
[in]nameName of the i18n_ucnv_h table in a zero terminated Unicode string.
[out]converterThe created i18n_ucnv_h, or NULL if an error occurred.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
I18N_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORYOut of memory
I18N_ERROR_FILE_ACCESSRequested file cannot be found
See also:
i18n_ucnv_create()
i18n_ucnv_create_ccsid()
i18n_ucnv_get_available_name()
i18n_ucnv_destroy()
i18n_ucnv_compare_names()
int i18n_ucnv_destroy ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter)

Deletes the unicode converter and releases resources associated with just this instance.

Does not free up shared converter tables.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterThe converter object to be deleted.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
int i18n_ucnv_detect_unicode_signature ( const char *  source,
int32_t  source_length,
int32_t *  signature_length,
const char **  name 
)

Detects Unicode signature byte sequences at the start of the byte stream and returns the charset name of the indicated Unicode charset.

The caller can i18n_ucnv_create() a converter using the charset name. The first code unit (i18n_uchar) from the start of the stream will be U+FEFF (the Unicode BOM/signature character) and can usually be ignored.

For most Unicode charsets it is also possible to ignore the indicated number of initial stream bytes and start converting after them. However, there are stateful Unicode charsets (UTF-7 and BOCU-1) for which this will not work. Therefore, it is best to ignore the first output i18n_uchar instead of the input signature bytes.

Since :
6.0
Remarks:
The returned name should be freed by the caller with free() function.
Parameters:
[in]sourceThe source string in which the signature should be detected.
[in]source_lengthLength of the input string, or -1 if terminated with a NUL byte.
[out]signature_lengthA pointer to int32_t to receive the number of bytes that make up the signature of the detected UTF. 0 if not detected. Can be a NULL pointer.
[out]nameThe name of the encoding detected. NULL if encoding is not detected.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
int i18n_ucnv_fix_file_separator ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
i18n_uchar source,
int32_t  source_len 
)

Fixes the backslash character mismapping.

For example, in SJIS, the backslash character in the ASCII portion is also used to represent the yen currency sign. When mapping from Unicode character 0x005C, it's unclear whether to map the character back to yen or backslash in SJIS. This function will take the input buffer and replace all the yen sign characters with backslash. This is necessary when the user tries to create a file with the input buffer on Windows. This function will test the converter to see whether such mapping is required. You can sometimes avoid using this function by using the correct version of Shift-JIS.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterThe converter representing the target codepage.
[in]sourceThe input buffer to be fixed
[in]source_lenThe length (the number of i18n_uchar characters) of the input buffer
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
See also:
i18n_ucnv_is_ambiguous()
int32_t i18n_ucnv_flush_cache ( void  )

Frees up memory occupied by unused, cached converter shared data.

Since :
6.0
Returns:
The number of cached converters successfully deleted
See also:
i18n_ucnv_destroy()
int i18n_ucnv_from_algorithmic ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
i18n_ucnv_type_e  algorithmic_type,
char *  target,
int32_t  target_capacity,
const char *  source,
int32_t  source_length,
int32_t *  output_length 
)

Converts from one external charset to another.

Internally, the text is converted to and from the 16-bit Unicode "pivot" using i18n_ucnv_convert_ex(). i18n_ucnv_from_algorithmic() works exactly like i18n_ucnv_convert() except that the two converters need not be looked up and created completely.

The source-to-pivot conversion uses a purely algorithmic converter according to the specified type, e.g., I18N_UCNV_UTF8 for a UTF-8 converter. The pivot-to-target conversion uses the converter i18n_ucnv_h.

Internally, the algorithmic converter is created and destroyed for each function call, which is more efficient than using the public i18n_ucnv_create() but somewhat less efficient than only resetting an existing converter and using i18n_ucnv_convert_ex().

This function is more convenient than i18n_ucnv_convert_ex() for single-string conversions, especially when "preflighting" is desired (returning the length of the complete output even if it does not fit into the target buffer).

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterThe converter that is used to convert from the UTF-16 pivot buffer to the target.
[in]algorithmic_typeAn i18n_ucnv_type_e constant identifying the desired source charset as a purely algorithmic converter. Those are converters for Unicode charsets like UTF-8, BOCU-1, SCSU, UTF-7, IMAP-mailbox-name, etc., as well as US-ASCII and ISO-8859-1.
[in]targetPointer to the output buffer.
[in]target_capacityCapacity of the target, in bytes.
[in]sourcePointer to the input buffer.
[in]source_lengthLength of the input text, in bytes
[out]output_lengthLength of the complete output text in bytes, even if it exceeds the target_capacity and a I18N_ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW is set.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
I18N_ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOWA result would not fit in the supplied buffer
See also:
i18n_ucnv_to_algorithmic()
i18n_ucnv_convert_ex()
i18n_ucnv_convert()
i18n_ucnv_from_unicode()
i18n_ucnv_to_unicode()
i18n_ucnv_from_uchars()
i18n_ucnv_to_uchars()
int i18n_ucnv_from_uchars ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
char *  dest,
int32_t  dest_capacity,
const i18n_uchar src,
int32_t  src_length,
int32_t *  length 
)

Converts the Unicode string into a codepage string using an existing i18n_ucnv_h.

The output string is NUL-terminated if possible.

This function is a more convenient but less powerful version of i18n_ucnv_from_unicode(). It is only useful for whole strings, not for streaming conversion.

The maximum output buffer capacity required will be i18n_ucnv_get_max_bytes_for_string(src_length, i18n_ucnv_get_max_char_size(cnv)).

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h to be used (i18n_ucnv_reset_from_unicode() will be called)
[out]destDestination string buffer, can be NULL if dest_capacity==0
[in]dest_capacityThe number of chars available at dest
[in]srcThe input Unicode string
[in]src_lengthThe input string length (the number of i18n_uchar characters) or -1 if NUL-terminated
[out]lengthThe length (the number of bytes) of the output string, not counting the terminating NUL; if the length is greater than dest_capacity, then the string will not fit and a buffer of the indicated length would need to be passed in
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
I18N_ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOWA result would not fit in the supplied buffer
See also:
i18n_ucnv_from_unicode()
i18n_ucnv_convert()
i18n_ucnv_get_max_bytes_for_string()
int i18n_ucnv_from_ucount_pending ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
int32_t *  number 
)

Gets the number of i18n_uchar characters held in the converter's internal state because more input is needed for completing the conversion.

This function is useful for mapping semantics of ICU's converter interface to those of iconv, and this information is not needed for normal conversion.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterThe converter in which the input is held.
[out]numberThe number of i18n_uchar characters in the state. -1 if an error is encountered.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
int i18n_ucnv_from_unicode ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
char **  target,
const char *  target_limit,
const i18n_uchar **  source,
const i18n_uchar source_limit,
int32_t *  offsets,
i18n_ubool  flush 
)

Converts an array of unicode characters to an array of codepage characters.

This function is optimized for converting a continuous stream of data in buffer-sized chunks, where the entire source and target does not fit in available buffers.

The source pointer is an in/out parameter. It starts out pointing where the conversion is to begin, and ends up pointing after the last i18n_uchar consumed.

Target similarly starts out pointer at the first available byte in the output buffer, and ends up pointing after the last byte written to the output.

The converter always attempts to consume the entire source buffer, unless the target buffer is full. When a successful error status has been returned, it means that all of the source buffer has been consumed. At that point, the caller should reset the source and source_limit pointers to point to the next chunk.

At the end of the stream (flush==TRUE), the input is completely consumed when *source==source_limit and no error code is set. The converter object is then automatically reset by this function. (This means that a converter need not be reset explicitly between data streams if it finishes the previous stream without errors.)

This is a stateful conversion. Additionally, even when all source data has been consumed, some data may be in the converters' internal state. Call this function repeatedly, updating the target pointers with the next empty chunk of target in case of a I18N_ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW, and updating the source pointers with the next chunk of source when a successful error status is returned, until there are no more chunks of source data.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h
[in,out]targetI/O parameter. Input : Points to the beginning of the buffer to copy codepage characters to. Output : points to after the last codepage character copied to target.
[in]target_limitThe pointer just after last of the target buffer
[in,out]sourceI/O parameter, pointer to pointer to the source Unicode character buffer.
[in]source_limitThe pointer just after the last of the source buffer
[in]offsetsIf NULL is passed, nothing will happen to it, otherwise it needs to have the same number of allocated cells as target. Will fill in offsets from target to source pointer e.g: offsets[3] is equal to 6, it means that the target[3] was a result of transcoding source[6] For output data carried across calls, and other data without a specific source character (such as from escape sequences) -1 will be placed for offsets.
[in]flushSet to TRUE if the current source buffer is the last available chunk of the source, FALSE otherwise. Note that if a failing status is returned, this function may have to be called multiple times with flush set to TRUE until the source buffer is consumed.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
I18N_ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOWA result would not fit in the supplied buffer
See also:
i18n_ucnv_convert()
i18n_ucnv_get_min_char_size()
int i18n_ucnv_get_alias ( const char *  alias,
uint16_t  index,
const char **  name 
)

Gets the name of the alias at given index of alias list.

This method only enumerates the listed entries in the alias file.

Since :
6.0
Remarks:
The returned name should be freed by the caller with free() function.
Parameters:
[in]aliasAlias name
[in]indexIndex in alias list
[out]nameThe name of the alias at given index
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
int i18n_ucnv_get_aliases ( const char *  alias,
const char **  aliases 
)

Gets the list of alias names for the given alias.

This method only enumerates the listed entries in the alias file.

Since :
6.0
Remarks:
The aliases should be released using free().
Parameters:
[in]aliasAlias name
[out]aliasesAliases is a pointer to an array of i18n_ucnv_count_aliases() string-pointers (const char *) that will be filled in. The strings themselves are owned by the library.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
int i18n_ucnv_get_available_name ( int32_t  index,
const char **  name 
)

Gets the canonical converter name of the specified converter from a list of all available converters contaied in the alias file. All converters in this list can be created.

Since :
6.0
Remarks:
The returned name should be freed by the caller with free() function.
Parameters:
[in]indexThe index to a converter available on the system (in the range [0..i18n_ucnv_count_available()-1])
[out]nameA pointer a string (library owned), or NULL if the index is out of bounds.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
See also:
i18n_ucnv_count_available()
int i18n_ucnv_get_canonical_name ( const char *  alias,
const char *  standard,
const char **  name 
)

Gets the internal canonical converter name of the tagged alias.

This is the opposite of i18n_ucnv_create_standard_names(), which returns the tagged alias given the canonical name.

Example alias table: conv alias1 { STANDARD1 } alias2 { STANDARD1* }

name of i18n_ucnv_get_canonical_name("alias1", "STANDARD1", &name) from example alias table: "conv"

Since :
6.0
Remarks:
The name should be freed by the caller with free() function.
Parameters:
[in]aliasAlias name
[in]standardThe name of the standard governing the names; MIME and IANA are such standards
[out]nameThe canonical converter name; if a standard or alias name cannot be determined, then NULL is returned. The returned string is owned by the library.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
See also:
i18n_ucnv_get_standard_name()
int i18n_ucnv_get_ccsid ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
int32_t *  codepage_number 
)

Gets a codepage number associated with the converter.

This is not guaranteed to be the one used to create the converter. Some converters do not represent platform registered codepages and return zero for the codepage number. The error code fill-in parameter indicates if the codepage number is available. Does not check if the converter is NULL or if converter's data table is NULL.

Important: The use of CCSIDs is not recommended because it is limited to only two platforms in principle and only one (UCNV_IBM) in the current ICU converter API. Also, CCSIDs are insufficient to identify IBM Unicode conversion tables precisely. For more details see i18n_ucnv_create_ccsid().

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h
[out]codepage_numberIf any error occurs, -1 will get otherwise, the codepage number will be returned
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
See also:
i18n_ucnv_create_ccsid()
i18n_ucnv_get_platform()
const char* i18n_ucnv_get_default_name ( void  )

Returns the current default converter name.

If you want to create a default converter, you do not need to use this function. It is faster if you pass a NULL argument to i18n_ucnv_create() the default converter.

Since :
6.0
Returns:
The current default converter name. Storage owned by the library
See also:
i18n_ucnv_set_default_name()
int i18n_ucnv_get_display_name ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
const char *  display_locale,
i18n_uchar display_name,
int32_t  display_name_capacity,
int32_t *  display_name_len 
)

Gets the display name of the converter passed in based on the Locale passed in.

If the locale contains no display name, the internal ASCII name will be filled in.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h
[in]display_localeThe specific Locale we want to localized for.
[in]display_nameUser provided buffer to be filled in.
[in]display_name_capacitySize of display_name Buffer.
[out]display_name_lenThe number of i18n_uchar characters needed in display_name.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
See also:
i18n_ucnv_get_name()
int i18n_ucnv_get_invalid_chars ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
char *  err_bytes,
int8_t *  len 
)

Fills in the output parameter, err_bytes, with the error characters from the last failing conversion.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h
[in]err_bytesThe codepage bytes which were in error.
[in,out]lenInput the capacity of err_bytes, on output the number of bytes which were copied to it.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
I18N_ERROR_INDEX_OUTOFBOUNDSTrying to access the index that is out of bounds
int i18n_ucnv_get_invalid_uchars ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
i18n_uchar err_uchars,
int8_t *  len 
)

Fills in the output parameter, err_uchars, with the error characters from the last failing conversion.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h
[in]err_ucharsThe i18n_uchar which were in error.
[in,out]lenInput the capacity of err_uchars, on output the number of i18n_uchar characters which were copied to it.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
I18N_ERROR_INDEX_OUTOFBOUNDSTrying to access the index that is out of bounds
int i18n_ucnv_get_max_bytes_for_string ( int32_t  length,
int32_t  max_char_size 
)

Calculates the size of a buffer for conversion from Unicode to a charset.

The calculated size is guaranteed to be sufficient for this conversion.

It takes into account initial and final non-character bytes that are output by some converters.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]lengthThe number of i18n_uchar characters to be converted.
[in]max_char_sizeReturn value from i18n_ucnv_get_max_char_size() for the converter that will be used.
Returns:
Size (in bytes) of a buffer that will be large enough to hold the output bytes of converting length i18n_uchar with the converter that returned the max_char_size.
See also:
i18n_ucnv_get_max_char_size()
int i18n_ucnv_get_max_char_size ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
int8_t *  size 
)

Gets the maximum number of bytes that are output per i18n_uchar in conversion from Unicode using this converter.

The returned number can be used with i18n_ucnv_get_max_bytes_for_string() to calculate the size of a target buffer for conversion from Unicode.

Note: Before ICU 2.8, this function did not return reliable numbers for some stateful converters (EBCDIC_STATEFUL, ISO-2022) and LMBCS.

This number may not be the same as the maximum number of bytes per "conversion unit". In other words, it may not be the intuitively expected number of bytes per character that would be published for a charset, and may not fulfill any other purpose than the allocation of an output buffer of guaranteed sufficient size for a given input length and converter.

Examples for special cases that are taken into account:

  • Supplementary code points may convert to more bytes than BMP code points. This function returns bytes per i18n_uchar (UTF-16 code unit), not per Unicode code point, for efficient buffer allocation.
  • State-shifting output (SI/SO, escapes, etc.) from stateful converters.
  • When m input i18n_uchar are converted to n output bytes, then the maximum m/n is taken into account.

The number returned here does not take into account (see i18n_ucnv_get_max_bytes_for_string()):

  • initial and final non-character bytes that are output by some converters (automatic BOMs, initial escape sequence, final SI, etc.)

Examples for returned values:

int i18n_ucnv_get_min_char_size ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
int8_t *  size 
)

Gets the minimum byte length (per codepoint) for characters in this codepage.

This is usually either 1 or 2.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h
[out]sizeThe minimum number of bytes per codepoint allowed by this particular converter.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
See also:
i18n_ucnv_get_max_char_size()
int i18n_ucnv_get_name ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
const char **  name 
)

Gets the internal, canonical name of the converter (zero-terminated).

The lifetime of the returned string will be that of the converter passed to this function.

Since :
6.0
Remarks:
The returned name should be freed by the caller with free() function.
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h
[out]nameThe internal name of the converter
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
See also:
i18n_ucnv_get_display_name()
int i18n_ucnv_get_next_uchar ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
const char **  source,
const char *  source_limit,
i18n_uchar32 result 
)

Converts a codepage buffer into Unicode one character at a time.

The input is completely consumed when the I18N_ERROR_INDEX_OUTOFBOUNDS is set.

Advantage compared to i18n_ucnv_to_unicode() or i18n_ucnv_to_uchars():

  • Faster for small amounts of data, for most converters, e.g., US-ASCII, ISO-8859-1, UTF-8/16/32, and most "normal" charsets. (For complex converters, e.g., SCSU, UTF-7 and ISO 2022 variants, it uses i18n_ucnv_to_unicode() internally.)
  • Convenient.

Limitations compared to i18n_ucnv_to_unicode():

  • Always assumes flush=TRUE. This makes i18n_ucnv_get_next_uchar() unsuitable for "streaming" conversion, that is, for where the input is supplied in multiple buffers, because i18n_ucnv_get_next_uchar() will assume the end of the input at the end of the first buffer.
  • Does not provide offset output.

It is possible to "mix" i18n_ucnv_get_next_uchar() and i18n_ucnv_to_unicode() because i18n_ucnv_get_next_uchar() uses the current state of the converter (unlike i18n_ucnv_to_uchars() which always resets first). However, if i18n_ucnv_get_next_uchar() is called after i18n_ucnv_to_unicode() stopped in the middle of a character sequence (with flush=FALSE), then i18n_ucnv_get_next_uchar() will always use the slower i18n_ucnv_to_unicode() internally until the next character boundary. (This is new in ICU 2.6. In earlier releases, i18n_ucnv_get_next_uchar() had to start at a character boundary.)

Instead of using i18n_ucnv_get_next_uchar(), it is recommended to convert using i18n_ucnv_to_unicode() or i18n_ucnv_to_uchars() and then iterate over the text using U16_NEXT() or an i18n_uchar_iter_h or a C++ CharacterIterator or similar. This allows streaming conversion and offset output, for example.

Handling of surrogate pairs and supplementary-plane code points:
There are two different kinds of codepages that provide mappings for surrogate characters:

  • Codepages like UTF-8, UTF-32, and GB 18030 provide direct representations for Unicode code points U+10000-U+10ffff as well as for single surrogates U+d800-U+dfff. Each valid sequence will result in exactly one returned code point. If a sequence results in a single surrogate, then that will be returned by itself, even if a neighboring sequence encodes the matching surrogate.
  • Codepages like SCSU and LMBCS (and UTF-16) provide direct representations only for BMP code points including surrogates. Code points in supplementary planes are represented with two sequences, each encoding a surrogate. For these codepages, matching pairs of surrogates will be combined into single code points for returning from this function. (Note that SCSU is actually a mix of these codepage types.)
    Since :
    6.0
    Parameters:
    [in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h
    [in]sourceThe address of a pointer to the codepage buffer, will be updated to point after the bytes consumed in the conversion call.
    [in]source_limitPoints to the end of the input buffer
    [out]resultAn i18n_uchar32 resulting from the partial conversion of source
    Returns:
    0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
    Return values:
    I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
    I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
    I18N_ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOWA result would not fit in the supplied buffer
    I18N_ERROR_INDEX_OUTOFBOUNDSTrying to access the index that is out of bounds
    See also:
    i18n_ucnv_to_unicode()
    i18n_ucnv_to_uchars()
    i18n_ucnv_convert()
int i18n_ucnv_get_platform ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
i18n_ucnv_platform_e platform 
)

Gets a codepage platform associated with the converter.

Currently, only I18N_UCNV_IBM will be returned. Does not test if the converter is NULL or if converter's data table is NULL.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h
[out]platformThe codepage platform
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
int i18n_ucnv_get_standard ( uint16_t  index,
const char **  name 
)

Gets the name of the standard at given index of standard list.

Since :
6.0
Remarks:
The name should be freed by the caller with free() function.
Parameters:
[in]indexIndex in standard list
[out]nameThe name of the standard at given index. Owned by the library.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
I18N_ERROR_INDEX_OUTOFBOUNDSTrying to access the index that is out of bounds
int i18n_ucnv_get_standard_name ( const char *  cnv_name,
const char *  standard,
const char **  name 
)

Gets a standard name for a given converter name.

Example alias table: conv alias1 { STANDARD1 } alias2 { STANDARD1* }

name of i18n_ucnv_get_standard_name("conv", "STANDARD1", &name) from example alias table: "alias2"

Since :
6.0
Remarks:
The name should be freed by the caller with free() function.
Parameters:
[in]cnv_nameOriginal converter name
[in]standardThe name of the standard governing the names; MIME and IANA are such standards
[out]nameThe standard converter name; if a standard converter name cannot be determined, then NULL is returned. Owned by the library.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
int i18n_ucnv_get_starters ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
i18n_ubool  starters[256] 
)

Gets the "starter" (lead) bytes for converters of type MBCS.

Will fill in an I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER if converter passed in is not MBCS. Fills in an array of type i18n_ubool, with the value of the byte as offset to the array. For example, if (starters[0x20] == TRUE) at return, it means that the byte 0x20 is a starter byte in this converter. Context pointers are always owned by the caller.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h of type MBCS
[in,out]startersAn array of size 256 to be filled in
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
See also:
i18n_ucnv_get_type()
int i18n_ucnv_get_subst_chars ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
char *  sub_chars,
int8_t *  len 
)

Fills in the output parameter, sub_chars, with the substitution characters as multiple bytes.

If i18n_ucnv_set_subst_chars() set a Unicode string because the converter is stateful, then sub_chars will be an empty string.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h
[out]sub_charsThe substitution characters
[in,out]lenOn input the capacity of sub_chars, on output the number of bytes copied to it
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
I18N_ERROR_INDEX_OUTOFBOUNDSTrying to access the index that is out of bounds
See also:
i18n_ucnv_set_subst_chars()
i18n_ucnv_set_subst_string()
int i18n_ucnv_get_type ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
i18n_ucnv_type_e type 
)

Gets the type of the converter e.g. SBCS, MBCS, DBCS, UTF8, UTF16_BE, UTF16_LE, ISO_2022, EBCDIC_STATEFUL, LATIN_1.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h
[out]typeThe type of the converter
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
int i18n_ucnv_get_unicode_set ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
i18n_uset_h  set_fill_in,
i18n_ucnv_unicode_set_e  which_set 
)

Gets the set of Unicode code points that can be converted by an ICU converter.

Returns one of several kinds of set:

1. UCNV_ROUNDTRIP_SET
The set of all Unicode code points that can be roundtrip-converted (converted without any data loss) with the converter. This set will not include code points that have fallback mappings or are only the result of reverse fallback mappings. This set will also not include PUA code points with fallbacks, although i18n_ucnv_from_unicode() will always uses those mappings despite i18n_ucnv_set_fallback().

This is useful for example for

  • checking that a string or document can be roundtrip-converted with a converter, without/before actually performing the conversion
  • testing if a converter can be used for text for typical text for a certain locale, by comparing its roundtrip set with the set of ExemplarCharacters from ICU's locale data or other sources

2. UCNV_ROUNDTRIP_AND_FALLBACK_SET
The set of all Unicode code points that can be converted with the converter (i18n_ucnv_from_unicode()) when fallbacks are turned on (see i18n_ucnv_set_fallback()). This set includes all code points with roundtrips and fallbacks (but not reverse fallbacks).

In the future, there may be more i18n_ucnv_unicode_set_e choices to select sets with different properties.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h for which a set is requested.
[out]set_fill_inA valid i18n_uset_h *. It will be cleared by this function before the converter's specific set is filled into the i18n_uset_h.
[in]which_setAn i18n_ucnv_unicode_set_e selector; currently I18N_UCNV_ROUNDTRIP_SET is the only supported value.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
See also:
i18n_ucnv_unicode_set_e
i18n_uset_create()
i18n_uset_destroy()
int i18n_ucnv_is_ambiguous ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
i18n_ubool result 
)

Determines if the converter contains ambiguous mappings of the same character or not.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterThe converter to be tested
[out]resultTRUE if the converter contains ambiguous mapping of the same character, FALSE otherwise.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
int i18n_ucnv_is_fixed_width ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
i18n_ubool is_fixed_width 
)

Gets whether or not the charset of the converter has a fixed number of bytes per charset character.

An example of this are converters that are of the type I18N_UCNV_SBCS or I18N_UCNV_DBCS. Another example is UTF-32 which is always 4 bytes per character. A Unicode code point may be represented by more than one UTF-8 or UTF-16 code unit but a UTF-32 converter encodes each code point with 4 bytes. Note: This method is not intended to be used to determine whether the charset has a fixed ratio of bytes to Unicode codes units for any particular Unicode encoding form.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterThe converter to be tested.
[out]is_fixed_widthTRUE if the converter is fixed-width.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
int i18n_ucnv_reset ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter)

Resets the state of a converter to the default state.

This is used in the case of an error, to restart a conversion from a known default state. It will also empty the internal output buffers.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter

Resets the from-Unicode part of a converter state to the default state.

This is used in the case of an error to restart a conversion from Unicode to a known default state. It will also empty the internal output buffers used for the conversion from Unicode codepoints.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter

Resets the to-Unicode part of a converter state to the default state.

This is used in the case of an error to restart a conversion to Unicode to a known default state. It will also empty the internal output buffers used for the conversion to Unicode codepoints.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
int i18n_ucnv_safe_clone ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
i18n_ucnv_h cloned_converter 
)

Clones converter thread safely.

Since :
6.0
Remarks:
The cloned_converter should be released using i18n_ucnv_destroy().
Parameters:
[in]converterConverter to be cloned.
[out]cloned_converterThe created i18n_ucnv_h, or NULL if an error occurred.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
void i18n_ucnv_set_default_name ( const char *  name)

Sets the current default converter name.

This function is not thread safe.

DO NOT call this function when ANY I18N function is being used from more than one thread! This function sets the current default converter name. If this function needs to be called, it should be called during application initialization. Most of the time, the results from i18n_ucnv_get_default_name() or i18n_ucnv_create() with a NULL string argument is sufficient for your application.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]nameThe converter name to be the default (must be known by ICU). In case of name is a NULL, It resets to the default codepage.
See also:
i18n_ucnv_get_default_name()
int i18n_ucnv_set_fallback ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
i18n_ubool  uses_fallback 
)

Sets the converter to use fallback mappings or not.

Regardless of this flag, the converter will always use fallbacks from Unicode Private Use code points, as well as reverse fallbacks (to Unicode).

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterThe converter to set the fallback mapping usage on.
[in]uses_fallbackTRUE if the user wants the converter to take advantage of the fallback mapping, FALSE otherwise.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
int i18n_ucnv_set_subst_chars ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
const char *  sub_chars,
int8_t  len 
)

Sets the substitution chars when converting from unicode to a codepage.

The substitution is specified as a string of 1-4 bytes, and may contain NULL bytes. The sub_chars must represent a single character. The caller needs to know the byte sequence of a valid character in the converter's charset. For some converters, for example some ISO 2022 variants, only single-byte substitution characters may be supported. The newer i18n_ucnv_set_subst_string() function relaxes these limitations.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h
[in]sub_charsThe substitution character byte sequence we want set.
[in]lenThe number of bytes in sub_chars
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
I18N_ERROR_INDEX_OUTOFBOUNDSTrying to access the index that is out of bounds
See also:
i18n_ucnv_get_subst_chars()
i18n_ucnv_set_subst_string()
int i18n_ucnv_set_subst_string ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
const i18n_uchar s,
int32_t  len 
)

Sets a substitution string for converting from Unicode to a charset.

The caller need not know the charset byte sequence for each charset.

Unlike i18n_ucnv_set_subst_chars() which is designed to set a charset byte sequence for a single character, this function takes a Unicode string with zero, one or more characters, and immediately verifies that the string can be converted to the charset. If not, or if the result is too long (more than 32 bytes), then the function returns with an error accordingly.

Also unlike i18n_ucnv_set_subst_chars(), this function works for stateful charsets by converting on the fly at the point of substitution rather than setting a fixed byte sequence.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h
[in]sThe Unicode string.
[in]lenThe number of i18n_uchar characters in s, or -1 for a NUL-terminated string.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
See also:
i18n_ucnv_get_subst_chars()
i18n_ucnv_set_subst_chars()
int i18n_ucnv_to_algorithmic ( i18n_ucnv_type_e  algorithmic_type,
i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
char *  target,
int32_t  target_capacity,
const char *  source,
int32_t  source_length,
int32_t *  output_length 
)

Converts from one external charset to another.

Internally, the text is converted to and from the 16-bit Unicode "pivot" using i18n_ucnv_convert_ex(). i18n_ucnv_to_algorithmic() works exactly like i18n_ucnv_convert() except that the two converters need not be looked up and created completely.

The source-to-pivot conversion uses the converter i18n_ucnv_h. The pivot-to-target conversion uses a purely algorithmic converter according to the specified type, e.g., I18N_UCNV_UTF8 for a UTF-8 converter.

Internally, the algorithmic converter is created and destroyed for each function call, which is more efficient than using the public i18n_ucnv_create() but somewhat less efficient than only resetting an existing converter and using i18n_ucnv_convert_ex().

This function is more convenient than i18n_ucnv_convert_ex() for single-string conversions, especially when "preflighting" is desired (returning the length of the complete output even if it does not fit into the target buffer).

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]algorithmic_typeAn i18n_ucnv_type_e constant identifying the desired target charset as a purely algorithmic converter. Those are converters for Unicode charsets like UTF-8, BOCU-1, SCSU, UTF-7, IMAP-mailbox-name, etc., as well as US-ASCII and ISO-8859-1.
[in]converterThe converter that is used to convert from the source to the UTF-16 pivot buffer.
[in]targetPointer to the output buffer.
[in]target_capacityCapacity of the target, in bytes.
[in]sourcePointer to the input buffer.
[in]source_lengthLength of the input text, in bytes
[out]output_lengthLength of the complete output text in bytes, even if it exceeds the target_capacity and a I18N_ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW is set.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
I18N_ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOWA result would not fit in the supplied buffer
See also:
i18n_ucnv_from_algorithmic()
i18n_ucnv_convert_ex()
i18n_ucnv_convert()
i18n_ucnv_from_unicode()
i18n_ucnv_to_unicode()
i18n_ucnv_from_uchars()
i18n_ucnv_to_uchars()
int i18n_ucnv_to_uchars ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
i18n_uchar dest,
int32_t  dest_capacity,
const char *  src,
int32_t  src_length,
int32_t *  output_length 
)

Converts the codepage string into a Unicode string using an existing i18n_ucnv_h.

The output string is NUL-terminated if possible.

This function is a more convenient but less powerful version of i18n_ucnv_to_unicode(). It is only useful for whole strings, not for streaming conversion.

The maximum output buffer capacity required will be 2*src_length (each char may be converted into a surrogate pair).

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h to be used (i18n_ucnv_reset_to_unicode() will be called)
[out]destDestination string buffer, can be NULL if dest_capacity==0
[in]dest_capacityThe number of i18n_uchar characters available at dest
[in]srcThe input codepage string
[in]src_lengthThe input string length (the number of i18n_uchar characters) or -1 if NUL-terminated
[out]output_lengthThe length (the number of i18n_uchar characters) of the output string, not counting the terminating NUL; if the output_length is greater than dest_capacity, then the string will not fit and a buffer of the indicated length would need to be passed in
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
I18N_ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOWA result would not fit in the supplied buffer
See also:
i18n_ucnv_to_unicode()
i18n_ucnv_convert()
int i18n_ucnv_to_ucount_pending ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
int32_t *  number 
)

Gets the number of char held in the converter's internal state because more input is needed for completing the conversion.

This function is useful for mapping semantics of ICU's converter interface to those of iconv, and this information is not needed for normal conversion.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterThe converter in which the input is held as internal state.
[out]numberThe number of chars in the state. -1 if an error is encountered.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
int i18n_ucnv_to_unicode ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
i18n_uchar **  target,
const i18n_uchar target_limit,
const char **  source,
const char *  source_limit,
int32_t *  offsets,
i18n_ubool  flush 
)

Converts a buffer of codepage bytes into an array of unicode i18n_uchar characters.

This function is optimized for converting a continuous stream of data in buffer-sized chunks, where the entire source and target does not fit in available buffers.

The source pointer is an in/out parameter. It starts out pointing where the conversion is to begin, and ends up pointing after the last byte of source consumed.

Target similarly starts out pointer at the first available i18n_uchar in the output buffer, and ends up pointing after the last i18n_uchar written to the output. It does NOT necessarily keep i18n_uchar sequences together.

The converter always attempts to consume the entire source buffer, unless the target buffer is full. When a successful error status has been returned, it means that all of the source buffer has been consumed. At that point, the caller should reset the source and source_limit pointers to point to the next chunk.

At the end of the stream (flush==TRUE), the input is completely consumed when *source==source_limit and no error code is set. The converter object is then automatically reset by this function. (This means that a converter need not be reset explicitly between data streams if it finishes the previous stream without errors.)

This is a stateful conversion. Additionally, even when all source data has been consumed, some data may be in the converters' internal state. Call this function repeatedly, updating the target pointers with the next empty chunk of target in case of a I18N_ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW, and updating the source pointers with the next chunk of source when a successful error status is returned, until there are no more chunks of source data.

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterAn i18n_ucnv_h
[in,out]targetI/O parameter. Input : Points to the beginning of the buffer to copy i18n_uchar into. Output : points to after the last i18n_uchar copied
[in]target_limitthe pointer just after the end of the target buffer
[in,out]sourceI/O parameter, pointer to pointer to the source codepage buffer.
[in]source_limitThe pointer to the byte after the end of the source buffer
[in]offsetsIf NULL is passed, nothing will happen to it, otherwise it needs to have the same number of allocated cells as target. Will fill in offsets from target to source pointer e.g: offsets[3] is equal to 6, it means that the target[3] was a result of transcoding source[6] For output data carried across calls, and other data without a specific source character (such as from escape sequences) -1 will be placed for offsets
[in]flushSet to TRUE if the current source buffer is the last available chunk of the source, FALSE otherwise. Note that if a failing status is returned, this function may have to be called multiple times with flush set to TRUE until the source buffer is consumed.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter
I18N_ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOWA result would not fit in the supplied buffer
See also:
i18n_ucnv_convert()
i18n_ucnv_get_min_char_size()
i18n_ucnv_get_next_uchar()
int i18n_ucnv_uses_fallback ( i18n_ucnv_h  converter,
i18n_ubool result 
)

Determines if the converter uses fallback mappings or not.

This flag has restrictions, see i18n_ucnv_set_fallback().

Since :
6.0
Parameters:
[in]converterThe converter to be tested.
[out]resultTRUE if the converter uses fallback, FALSE otherwise.
Returns:
0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
Return values:
I18N_ERROR_NONESuccessful
I18N_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERInvalid function parameter